Cycling and indoor spin classes represent closed-kinetic-chain cardiovascular exercises that place specific, highly repetitive demands on the musculoskeletal and neuromuscular systems. While offering substantial cardiopulmonary benefits, the repetitive nature of the pedaling cadence averaging 80 to 100 revolutions per minute (RPM) can amplify minor biomechanical deviations into significant tissue pathologies. This review analyzes the closed-chain kinetics, joint kinematics, t